Tuesday, 27 May 2014

THEORIES

               THEORIES ON ORIGIN OF LIFE

               We know there are several theories for the explanation of origin of life this is because many of scientists has made several attempts have been made for the explanation of the origin of life.Some of them are:
              1)Theory of special creation.
              2)Theory of spontaneous Generation.
              3)Theory of Catastrophism.
              4)Theory of Panspermia.
                5)Theory  of Chemical Evolution.


            The Five theories of origin of life is listed above.These theories as basics of assumptions.According to the Theory of special creation it was formed for the ancient scriptures in accordance to different religions.And the Theory of spontaneous generation it is assumed that living organisms are formed by sudden and spontaneous arise from a non-living matter.The Theory of catastrophism is a modification that has been made to the theory of special creation.Theory of Panspermia is  life has reached this planet Earth from other heavenly bodies such as meteorites, in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms.And the THEORY OF CHEMICAL EVOLUTION states that  Origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and gradual process of chemical evolution. In these above theories the theory of chemical evolution is mostly accepted than the other theories.


                     The first theory that is theory of special creation in this theory the different forms of life that we found today in the earth,has been be created by the god.This theory is according to the ancient scriptures of all the religions.Let us consider,According to the Hindu mythology,it is believed that,lord Brahma,is the God of creation,how creates humans according to his wish.And in the christian belief,The god created this universe,plant,animals and the human beings.And the Sikh mythology is believed that all forms of life also human beings came from a single word of god.This theory is only according to the belief of religious concept and it has not got any scientific basics.
                      And,the second theory of spontaneous Generation it is believed that the living organisms are  could arises suddenly and spontaneously from any kind of non-living matter.Aristotle the Greek philosopher was the firm believer of the spontaneous Generation.According to his belief the dead leaves falling from a tree into a pond that would transport into fishes, and that has been felled into soils turned into worms,and to the insects.And it is also the Egyptians believed that the mud of the Nile river which could spontaneously give rise to many forms of life.And the theory of spontaneously lost its significant in the course of time due to the experiment that has been conducted by Francisco Redi,Spallanzani and later by Louis Pasteur in his famous Swan neck experiment.The theory was disapproved because the scientist gave a definite proof that life comes from pre-existing life.
          The third theory is simply the modification to the theory of special creation.According to this law there have been several creation of God,in which each is preceded by a catastrophe which resulting from some kind of geological disturbance.
According to this theory, since each catastrophe completely destroyed the existing life, each new creation consisted of life form different from that of previous ones.The scientists like George Cuvier and Orbigney where was the main supporter of this law.
                      And the fourth theorem that is the theory of Panspermia which is also know as the  Cosmozoic theory.According to this theory the scientist Richter found that Life has reached this earth planet from an other heavenly bodies such as meteorites,which is in the form of highly resistance spores of some organisms.This theory was also supported by Arrhenius and other scientists.And this theory does not gain any support because this theory has lack of evidence and this theory was Discarded.

                          The firth theory that is theory of  chemical Evolution which is also know as Physico-chemical theory or Materialistic Theory. In this theory the scientists A.l Oparin a Russian scientist and an English scientist J.B.S Haldane proposed that the Origin of the life on earth is due to the reason of slowly and gradual process of chemical evolution which may be occurred about 3.8 billion years ago.Considering to other theories it is most accepted theory by the scientists and the scientists are still continuing there research for new theories. 

Sunday, 25 May 2014

LIFE

                                                                      LIFE 
What is life?.Have any one of us thought about it. Can any one us knows about it.Is life is what we see today. Life is a characteristic distinguishing objects having signalling and self-sustaining processes from those that do not,either because such functions have ceased (death), or because they lack such functions and are classified as inanimate.This are we word that i have got while checking in Internet.Life is a study concerned with science of biology.An organism is any contiguous living system.Organisms undergo metabolism, maintain homeostasis, can grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce and, through natural selection, adapt to their environment in successive generations. More complex organisms can communicate through alternative means.A diverse array of living organisms can be found in the biosphere of Earth, and the properties common to these organisms—plants, animals, fungi, protests, Archer, and bacteria—are a carbon- and water-based cellular form with complex organisation and heritable genetic information.

The Earth was formed about 4.54 billion years ago. The earliest life on Earth existed at least 3.5 billion years ago,during the Archean Era when sufficient crust had solidified following the molten Ha dean Eon. The earliest physical evidence for life on Earth is bionic graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old meta sedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland and microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia.Nevertheless, several studies suggest that life on Earth may have started even earlier, as early as 4.25 billion years ago according to one study, and even earlier yet, 4.4 billion years ago, according to another study. The mechanism by which life began on Earth is unknown, although many hypotheses have been formulated. Since emerging, life has evolved into a variety of forms, which biologists have classified into a hierarchy of tax's. Life can survive and thrive in a wide range of conditions.Actually this are the words that i have got while researching the information.Ever humans want there life and there families life to be safe they ever doesn't considers other life or even does not think about them.Also life is also a mixture of happy,sadness,sorrow etc.Every humans must also posses this situations in there life.No humans in this world are always happy every person has some sorrow or sadness in life.so life is a mixture of happiness,sadness,sorrow etc.   

                          
                            
                                         
                                       
                            Evolution

                                                        What is a Evolution?.The change in the  inherited characteristics of biological population over a a lot successive generation  is the Evolution.The diversity at every level of biological organisations,like species,individual organisms and molecules like proteins and DNA is the evolutionary processes.Approximately 3.8 billion years ago All Life On Earth is descended from a last universal ancestor.By the from shared set of biochemical and morphological traits,or else by the DNA sequences that has been shared from the repeated specification and the divergence of the life can be inferred.Those the homologous traits and sequences are more similar among the species that share a more recent same ancestor,and may be used for tore construct evolutionary histories,by the use of both the fossil record and the existing species .Speciation and by the extinction are been shaped by the existing patterns of biodiversity.A scientific argument for the theory of evolution by the means of natural selection was first made by the Charles Darwin. 
                                                                         In the Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection through the discipline of population genetics early 20th century,genetic was also integrated with Darwin's theory.It was accepted into other branches of biology because of the importance of natural selections because of the as a cause of evolution.Scientists continue to study various aspects of evolution by forming and testing hypotheses, constructing scientific theories, using observational data, and performing experiments in both the field and the laboratory.The most reliably established facts in science is the descent with modification it was also agreed by the biologists.The discoveries in evolutionary biology have made a significant impact not only one the traditional branches of biology,and also in the other academic disciplines and on society at large.